The Mafia Emerges       Italy after the Congress of Wien1815: n  The patriotic revolution 1860: Palermo, Sicily and the South of Italy, that were under the Borbone dynasty, are liberated by Garibaldi with an army of just 1000 men (Redshirts) Jen 1st 1861. First Italian parliament in Turin. Rome is part of the Papal States   n  Nobles and peasants Popular classes supported Garibaldi and joined the national unity movement because they hoped in a change that would have improved their situation and brought them a bit of land. Barons and Mafiosi supported Garibaldi because they were against the Borbone anti-feudal policy and predicted that a king in Turin would have interfered less with their power.   n   The mafia and the new nation of Italy were born together     Without the help of the mafia, Garibaldi would have lost n  The Right (1861-1876)   Following the French model, the new Italian Reign was organized through the                            PREFETTI    (government’s representatives)   Nothing changed for popular classes: New taxes Conscription (mandatory military service for men) Italy was perceived by the Sicilians as another foreign dominations (functionaries from the North spoke another language too) The situation got worst when: The Government decided for the military solution and the martial law: troops were sent to Sicily, there were sieges of towns, mass arrests, and people were imprisoned without trial. 1866: the revolt of the 7 and ½: mafia aids police fearing a democratic revolution   n  Elections 1876: The Left Depretis is elected Prime Minister, thanks also to the Sicilian Vote. A new Prefect is sent to Palermo: Malusardi. Mafia and Brigantaggio: all the brigands are either killed or arrested, and given either life sentences or hard labors. The mafia can now present itself as a “force of order”   Malusardi (Prefect of Palermo) Understood that his victory was not complete and investigated on those politicians covering the picciotti (Mafiosi). He was forced to resign and began a phase in which nobody talked about the mafia: the word itself almost disappeared in the official document of the Reign.